The relationship between fantasy and reality in Freudian theory is a complementary yet paradoxical one. On the one hand, fantasy has been construed as a vehicle for self-deception, standing in contradistinction to the objective appreciation of external reality. Fantasy can serve as a substitute for external reality that denies, remodels, and replaces an objective perception of external reality when that reality proves to be unacceptable. On the other hand, fantasy has been understood as constituting a symbolic description of external reality which represents actual events. In this model, fantasy, through concrete symbolization, reflects a mode of apprehending external reality through the use of imagery and metaphor.
The question arises as to how fantasy can represent both a self-deception and a valid metaphorical description of reality. Freud formulated the resolution of this paradox in his theory of mental life as a compromise formation between the conflicting forces within the
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